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走近中国高铁“探路先锋”：“隐形”守护旅途安全******
(新春见闻)走近中国高铁“探路先锋”：“隐形”守护旅途安全
中新社武汉1月9日电 题：走近中国高铁“探路先锋”：“隐形”守护旅途安全
中新社记者 张芹
46岁的任会勇一天的工作往往从后半夜开始。当大多数人还沉浸在梦乡时，他已经和同事们踏上飞驰的列车，为即将开始的载客运行探路、排险。
自中国高铁开通以来，每天正式载客运行前，每条线路都会开行一趟无旅客的空跑列车，对线路、桥梁、接触网和信号等设备进行检查确认，排除安全隐患，繁忙的春运期间更是如此。
在武汉高铁工务段，共有16名添乘员，负责11条线路开行前确认工作，任会勇便是其中一员，他们常被同事们称为高铁“探路先锋”。
9日凌晨5时许，中新社记者抵达武汉站。身着工装的任会勇已背上装有设备、仪器的双肩包，准备就绪。当天，他的任务是搭乘京广高铁DJ5909次列车，由武汉站前往长沙南站，沿途排查武汉工务段管辖区域线路运行状态。
踏入司机室，任会勇熟练地拿出检测列车行驶平稳度的便携式添乘仪，将其固定在司机驾驶位后方，行车记录仪则被安装在挡风玻璃上，一旁的工作手账里已详细注明当日班次信息。
6时整，周遭依然一片漆黑，确认车准时从武汉站发出，以350公里时速一路向南奔驰。
线路是否有异物入侵、隧道进出口有无塌方和落石、风向是否影响列车平稳、轨道两侧保护区内是否有危险施工……任会勇全程站立在驾驶员一侧，全神贯注目视前方，并通过身体感受列车晃动幅度，借助仪器数据变化，分析是否存在隐患，及时向调度指挥中心汇报。
列车灯的照射下，车厢外路灯、楼宇飞速从眼前闪过，冬季多发的“团雾”也为观察瞭望带来难度。任会勇目不转睛地盯着不断延伸的铁轨，生怕错过任何一处通过地段的观察。
“已经形成了条件反射，只要不属于铁路设备的物体，大脑就能迅速做出判断。”8年的添乘工作，让任会勇练就了“眼观六路、耳听八方”的本领，沿途桥梁、隧道、岔口更是熟稔于心。在任会勇看来，添乘员最考验的是责任心和细心，列车高速行驶过程中，线路上有任何细微的异常，都可能影响到运行安全。
上午9时许，确认车返回武汉站。站台上，任会勇与涌动的春运人潮擦肩而过。
无数如任会勇一样的“探路先锋”，一如既往地往返于中国广袤的铁路版图上，为旅客安全出行保驾护航。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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